Understanding epidemic keratoconjunctivitis

Affects cornea

One of the biggest differentiators of EKC is that it causes inflammation of your cornea, also known as keratitis. This usually happens around the fourth day after “pink eye” symptoms begin.

Viral source

EKC is specifically caused by adenoviruses, whereas bacterial conjunctivitis is caused by bacteria and allergic conjunctivitis is caused by allergens like pollen or dust.

More contagious

Unlike bacterial conjunctivitis, which can also spread but is less likely to cause widespread outbreaks, EKC spreads fast, especially in crowded settings. This is crucial to remember during school outbreaks when children might come into close contact with each other.

Medications not typically prescribed

While bacterial conjunctivitis may be treated with antibiotics, epidemic keratoconjunctivitis typically resolves on its own and does not benefit from antibiotic treatment since it's caused by a virus.

Longer lasting

While bacterial or allergic conjunctivitis may clear up quickly with treatment, EKC often persists, with symptoms going on for about two weeks or possibly longer.

First symptoms to appear

Before the eye symptoms even begin, you might notice some flu-like feelings, like a slight fever, muscle aches, or fatigue. This early phase can last several days and may not seem directly related to your eyes, but it’s part of how the body responds to the infection.

Acute symptoms

As the infection progresses, you will likely experience the classic signs of EKC. These include:

• Redness or pink eyes:
  This is a key indicator, as the white parts of your eyes become noticeably reddened due to inflammation.
• Itching and irritation:
  Your eyes might feel uncomfortable, and you may notice a gritty sensation, as if there’s something stuck in your eye.
• Tearing and discharge:
  You may have watery eyes or a clear discharge, leading to crusting, particularly noticeable upon waking.

As you heal

In some cases, after the acute symptoms have cleared, you might continue to notice mild symptoms like blurry vision or a lingering gritty feeling. These chronic symptoms can last for weeks or even months and are important to mention during follow-up visits with your eye care provider.

Other possible symptoms

Occasionally, you may also experience other symptoms like swelling of the eyelids, sensitivity to light (photophobia), or even blurred vision due to corneal involvement. Some individuals may notice swollen lymph nodes in the neck or experience fatigue, which indicates the body is dealing with a viral infection.

If you suspect you or your child has pink eye, a visit to your eye doctor is an important first step. During your appointment, your doctor may perform tests using a special microscope to get a closer look at your eyes. They might also take a sample of tears or discharge for laboratory testing to confirm or rule out the presence of adenoviruses. By examining your lymph nodes and looking for characteristic signs of EKC, they can accurately diagnose the condition. Since no specific antiviral treatment available for EKC, the idea is to help relieve the symptoms while your body fights off the infection. This is why your eye care professional may recommend:

Cold Compresses:

A cool cloth over your closed eyes can soothe irritation and reduce swelling.

Artificial Tears:

These eye drops help keep your eyes moist and can flush out irritants.

Corticosteroids:

In severe cases, your doctor may prescribe corticosteroid eye drops to reduce inflammation, but these should be used cautiously to avoid prolonging the infection.

Since EKC is so contagious, one of the best ways to approach the illness is to prevent it entirely. Here are a few things you can do to help keep your eyes healthy.

Wash your hands

Any time you spend time with groups of people, be sure to wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, especially before eating or touching your face.

Avoid touching your eyes

This can be one of the most effective ways to keep the virus from reaching your eyes. Many people touch their faces unconsciously, but being mindful can help prevent the spread of infection.

Stay home when sick

If you notice symptoms of EKC, staying home from school or work is crucial to prevent spreading the infection to others. It’s considerate to limit contact until you’re fully recovered.

Beware of shared items

Do not share personal items, including makeup, towels, or eye drops. Anything that comes in contact with your eyes should remain with you to prevent transmission to others.

Educate and communicate

Make sure your friends and family know about the symptoms of EKC. Awareness can help everyone take action swiftly to prevent further outbreaks, especially in schools and other communal settings.