Eye infection
Infections from bacteria, viruses or fungi can cause pain, red or swollen eyes, and discharge. Viral conjunctivitis, or pink eye, is a common example. If you're experiencing symptoms like red, itchy, or watery eyes, your eye pain could be the result of an infection.
Potential treatments:
- Antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral eye drops
- Warm compress
Sinusitis
If your sinuses become inflamed, you might experience pain behind the eyes, especially when bending over or lying down. Thick nasal discharge, congestion, and a reduced sense of smell are often accompanying symptoms. Many people use the term "sinus headache" to describe the pain behind the eyes when experiencing sinus issues.
Potential treatments:
- Rest
- Hydration
- Medication including antibiotics and/or decongestants
Glaucoma
This serious eye condition is characterized by increased pressure in the eye, which can damage the optic nerve. Causes and symptoms can vary, but some people experiencing a type of glaucoma called 'angle closure' experience a throbbing pain behind the eye and occasional headaches accompanying this pain. If left untreated, glaucoma can lead to significant vision loss.
Potential treatments:
- Prescription eye drops
- Regular monitoring
- Surgery to reduce the eye pressure
Optic neuritis
This disease is usually quite painful, often leading to shooting pain behind the eye, especially when moving the eye. This condition can result from various factors, including autoimmune diseases and infections. Patients may also notice vision changes like blurriness.
Potential treatments:
- Corticosteroids
- Visual rehabilitation
Injury
Accidents happen. If something strikes or scratches your eye, or if dirt, debris or chemicals get onto your eye, it can lead to pain. Corneal abrasions, which are scratches on the clear covering of your eye, can cause sharp pain and sensitivity to light. Do not rub your eye if you suspect you have an injury; seeking medical attention is vital.
Potential treatments:
Bandaging the eye closed
- Using a special bandage contact lens
Inflammation
Several conditions cause inflammation in the eye, including keratitis (inflammation of the cornea), iritis (inflammation of the colored part of the eye), and scleritis (inflammation of the white part of the eye). These conditions can be extremely uncomfortable, and cause light sensitivity, and even vision changes. Inflammation can come from a few different sources, including autoimmune diseases or infections.
Potential treatment:
- Treatment of the underlying cause of the inflammation
- Corticosteroid eye drops
Dry eyes
If you’re not producing enough tears or your tears evaporate too quickly, your eyes can become dry. One common source of dryness in today’s world? Screen time. When you stare at digital screens while watching tv, working or browsing the internet, you blink less, which can contribute to dry eyes. Other symptoms can include redness, a gritty feeling in the eye, and blurred vision.
Potential treatments:
- Over-the-counter eye drops
- Hydration
- Reduced screen time
Prescription eye drops
- In-office procedures that can help alleviate dry eye
Allergies
Allergic reactions can cause the eyes to become itchy, red, and watery. This is common during certain seasons when pollen and dust are prevalent. If you notice that your symptoms flare up during specific times of the year, you might be dealing with seasonal allergies.
Preventative measures, such as avoiding allergens or taking antihistamines, can help manage these symptoms.
Potential treatments:
- Over-the-counter eye drops
- Allergy medications
- Lifestyle changes like limiting allergen exposure
Headaches
Tension headaches and migraines can create sensations of pain behind the eyes and may be caused by things like muscle tension or dehydration. It’s essential to note that if you have a severe or persistent headache that feels different than what you're used to, it’s best to consult a doctor.
Potential treatments:
- Cold compress
- Lifestyle changes that eliminates triggers
- Hydration
- Proper nutrition
Over-the-counter pain medications
Prescription migraine medication
