Understanding giant papillary conjunctivitis (GPC)

Giant papillary conjunctivitis, often referred to as GPC, is an eye condition that causes discomfort, irritation, and as the name implies, large bumps on the inside of your eyelid. Learn common causes, symptoms and ways your eye care professional may treat it.

Published on August 25, 2025

What is giant papillary conjunctivitis?

Giant papillary conjunctivitis is a form of inflammation of the conjunctiva—the thin, transparent membrane lining your eyelids and covering the white part of your eye. When GPC happens, the inside of the eyelids develops bumps known as papillae. These bumps can grow substantially and may be numerous enough that they are often described as looking like “cobblestone.” People who wear contact lenses have the highest chance of developing GPC, particularly those who wear soft lenses.

Symptoms of GPC

Red, irritated eyes

One of the most noticeable signs of GPC is the reddening of the eyes. This redness can occur suddenly or develop gradually over time.

Itchiness

This symptom often causes people to rub their eyes to find relief, which may worsen the irritation. Itching can also be very distracting, making it hard to focus on things like work.

Swollen or droopy eyelids

This swelling can give the eyes a tired appearance and may also affect your ability to keep your eyes fully open. If the eyelids become significantly swollen, it may get in the way of your vision.

Excess mucus production

Often accumulating in the corners of the eyes, this mucus can be thick and stringy, leading to blurred vision and discomfort. Often, people may feel the need to wipe their eyes frequently to clear away the mucus.

Foreign body sensation

Those dealing with GPC often describe a persistent feeling as though there is something foreign lodged in their eyes. This can create a sense of unease that is hard to shake off, making it challenging to concentrate on everyday tasks.

Causes of giant papillary conjunctivitis

Firstly, contact lens wear is the most significant risk factor. Lenses, particularly soft ones, can attract proteins, dust, chemicals and allergens. When these accumulate, they can irritate the conjunctiva, triggering an inflammatory response. For some people, the inflammation may be caused by an allergy to the lenses themselves or the solutions used to clean them.

Friction creates another pathway for GPC. This could mean friction between a contact lens and the conjunctiva, friction between an artificial eye and the conjunctiva, or anything else that might come into contact with the conjunctiva like stitches or mineral deposits.

Minimizing the likelihood of GPC

While it may not be possible to completely prevent GPC, you can take proactive steps to help minimize the chance you’ll get it.

Follow contact lens hygiene recommendations

When you get your contact lenses, your eye doctor should give you thorough care instructions meant to minimize risks to your eye health.

Washing your hands thoroughly with mild soap and drying with a lint-free towel before handling your lenses
If wearing reusable lenses, cleaning them daily with fresh multipurpose disinfecting solution
Never sleeping in your contact lenses
Pay attention to expiration dates—of your lenses, and solutions

Consider altering your contact lens habits

Reducing the number of hours you wear contacts daily may help
Switching to daily disposable lenses can decrease the risk of allergen or protein buildup. Ask your eye doctor about your options

Possible treatments for giant papillary conjunctivitis

If you are showing symptoms of GPC, reach out to your eye care professional for diagnosis and treatment options. It’s important to take care of it right away, since untreated GPC can damage your eyelid and cornea. Here are some treatments they may recommend:

Pausing your contact lens use

Especially since contact lenses are a common cause of GPT, giving your eyes a break from contact lenses may help with recovery. Many healthcare practitioners recommend stopping contact lens wear for at least two weeks to allow for healing.

Medication options

Over-the-counter antihistamine eye drops, or prescribed corticosteroids may help reduce inflammation and ease any allergic reactions. Your doctor might suggest topical treatments depending on the severity of your symptoms.

Cold compresses

Applying a cold, damp cloth over your eyes may help relieve discomfort and reduce swelling. This simple step can provide quick relief for inflammation and irritation.

Modifying your cleaning routine

It may be recommended that you switch to preservative-free disinfecting solutions, or switch to daily disposable lenses.

Lifestyle changes

If allergens are a trigger for your GPC, your eye care professional may recommend ways to minimize your exposure. If contact lenses continuously trigger GPC, they may recommend discontinuing your contact lens wear and sticking with eyeglasses for your vision correction.

Contact your eye doctor with questions or concerns

If you are experiencing any of the symptoms of GPC, book an appointment with your eye care specialist. Your eye care professional can provide a treatment plan tailored to your specific symptoms and history.

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FAQs

Frequently asked questions

Will giant papillary conjunctivitis go away on its own?

Since GPC can damage your eyelid and cornea, consulting a healthcare professional is important to identify the cause and come up with a treatment plan.

How long does treatment for giant papillary conjunctivitis typically take?

It depends on the severity of your case and the treatment your eye care professional recommends. Many individuals notice improvement within a week of starting treatment, though returning to normal contact lens wear may take several weeks or more.

Can I use my regular contact lenses if I have GPC?

Follow the recommendations of your eye care professional. They may advise you to avoid wearing any contact lenses until symptoms have fully resolved.

Are there different types of conjunctivitis?

Yes, conjunctivitis can manifest in several forms, including viral, allergic, toxic and bacterial. Each type has distinct characteristics and requires different treatment approaches.

What’s the difference between papillary and follicular conjunctivitis?

Both conditions involve inflammation of the conjunctiva, but they are characterized by different types of bumps. GPC involves larger bumps (papillae), while follicular conjunctivitis groups smaller, round bumps, typically due to viral or allergic causes.