Swollen eyelids—causes, symptoms, potential treatments

Swollen eyelids can be an unexpected and uncomfortable experience. Learn common reasons swollen eyes happen and some of the potential treatments your eye care professional might recommend.

Published on August 25, 2025

What causes eyelids to swell up?

If you’ve ever looked in the mirror and noticed that one or both of your eyelids were swollen, you know how alarming it can be. Swelling can happen fast and become quite uncomfortable, leaving you wondering what to do. If you’re experiencing swelling that concerns you, see a doctor for diagnosis and treatment. Some of the causes they may identify are:

Allergies

When your body encounters an allergen, it releases histamines, which cause inflammation and fluid buildup and can lead to some uncomfortable symptoms. Here are some common allergens to consider:

Pollen:
This is a primary trigger for seasonal allergies. When trees, shrubs, weeds and flowers release pollen, it floats through the air to your eyes. People affected by pollen often experience itching and redness, particularly during spring and fall.
Dust mites:
Believe it or not, these tiny creatures live in most bedding, carpets, and upholstered furniture. Regular cleaning and using dust-proof covers can help reduce their presence and limit allergic reactions.
Pet dander:
For those with furry pets, skin flakes and saliva can provoke allergic responses. Bathing pets regularly and keeping pet areas clean may help alleviate allergy symptoms and reduce eye swelling.

Infections

Just like any other part of your body, your eyelids can get infected by bacteria or viruses. Blinking, along with your eyes’ natural tears can help keep them healthy, but sometimes an infection can take hold.

Viral or bacterial conjunctivitis (pink eye):
This infection is characterized by redness, swelling, and discharge from the eye. In cases of bacterial conjunctivitis, you may notice a thick, yellow or green discharge, while with viral conjunctivitis you may experience a thin, watery discharge and/or symptoms of a cold. Frequent handwashing and avoiding touching your face can help prevent the spread of this contagious condition to others.
Styes:
A stye (or hordeolum) is a painful bump that develops on the eyelid, usually because of an infected eyelash root. It often appears red and swollen, making it tender to the touch. Styes can cause significant discomfort, especially when blinking or closing your eyes. You may get some relief from the discomfort with a warm compress, but it’s important to contact your eye care professional for diagnosis and treatment, as some styes require antibiotics and/or draining.

More potential causes

Chalazia:
Chalazia are often confused as styes but have a different cause and are not considered an infection. They occur when an oil gland in the eyelid becomes blocked, leading to swelling and the formation of a firm lump. This cyst of fluid does not usually cause discomfort unless it grows large enough to press against your eye. Your doctor may recommend hot compresses and gentle massaging to help break down your chalazion. If it does not go away, they may prescribe antibiotics or drainage.
Blepharitis:
Blepharitis is the medical term for inflammation of your eyelids, usually along the edges of both eyes. Blepharitis can be caused by infections, allergies, underlying skin conditions or even problems with the glands in your eyes that secrete oils. If you have blepharitis, your eyelids may feel sore and they may be pink and puffy. It also sometimes occurs with other eye issues, so you may encounter blepharitis along with something like viral pink eye or a stye.
Trauma or injury:
An injury to your eyelid that leads to swelling can be caused my something obvious like bumping into a tree branch or getting hit with a baseball, or less obvious like rubbing your eyes too much. If your eyelid is swelling from trauma or injury, you should see a doctor for proper treatment.

Other symptoms you may experience with swollen eyes

Redness

Inflamed eyelids often appear pink or red, which may indicate irritation or infection. This change in color may also be accompanied by discomfort or itchiness.

Itching or irritation

If allergies are the cause of your swollen eyes, they are often itchy as well. You may be tempted to rub your eyes, but try to avoid doing so—it can make the swelling worse.

Discharge

Yellowish or green discharge can be a sign of infection, requiring prompt medical attention. Contact your doctor immediately if you’re experiencing discharge from your eyes. Cleaning the area gently and washing your hands every time you touch your eyes is important to help reduce the spread of infection.

Pain or tenderness

If you experience pain when touching the eyelid, it may indicate a stye or an infection. If your pain is concerning, contact your doctor for diagnosis and treatment.

Potential treatments for swollen eyelids

Since there are many potential causes of a swollen eyelid, the best way to determine how to treat it is to see a doctor for a diagnosis and treatment plan. Some of the things they may prescribe include:

Warm or cool compress
Antibiotics
Anti-inflammatories
Over-the-counter medicines like antihistamines

Always reach out to your doctor with any concerns

Swollen eyelids can happen for many reasons. Understanding how to recognize and address the causes can help you keep your eyes healthy and minimize the chance you experience swollen eyes. If you’re notice persistent swelling or any concerning symptoms right now, do not hesitate to see an eye care professional. They can provide you with the right diagnosis and treatment options tailored to your eyes.

Find an Eye Care Professional

FAQs

Frequently Asked Questions

How can I quickly reduce swollen eyelids from crying?

Applying a cold compress may help soothe swollen eyelids and reduce inflammation.

Are swollen eyelids a sign of something serious?

It can be, depending on the cause. If you’re experiencing concerning, persistent or severe swelling, seek medical attention to rule out conditions that may be serious.

Should I apply heat or cold to swollen eyes?

Your doctor may recommend one or both, depending on your diagnosis. Cold compresses may help relieve some swelling, and warmth may help with conditions like styes to promote drainage.